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Full recap and details

1- Delays

Situation	Legal framework / Basis	Rights and benefits	Amount / Ceiling (CAD)	Conditions / Notes
Delay attributable to the company (> 2 hours)	APPR (Clauses 13 and 14)	Clear information + meals + communication	Reasonable Fees	Case under the control of the company.
Delay attributable to the company with overnight stay	APPR (Clauses 13 and 14)	Accommodation + hotel-airport transport + meals	Reasonable Fees	Mandatory from the moment you wait until the next day.
Delay on arrival 3-6 hours (major companies)	APPR (Clause 19)	Monetary compensation	$400	Reduced fee for small companies ($125).
Late arrival 6-9 a.m. (major companies)	APPR (Art. 19)	Monetary compensation	$700	Small companies: $250.
Late arrival > 9 a.m. (major companies)	APPR (Art. 19)	Monetary compensation	$1,000	Small companies: $500.
Delay due to force majeure (weather, safety, ATC)	APPR (art.10)	Information and alternative arrangements	—	No monetary compensation.

2- Cancellations

Situation	Legal framework / Basis	Rights and benefits	Amount / Ceiling (CAD)	Conditions / Notes
Cancellation > 14 days before departure	APPR	Full refund or rerouting	—	No monetary compensation.
Cancellation < 14 days before departure (major companies)	APPR	Re-routing or refund + compensation	$400-1,000 depending on delay	Compensation only if cause under control and out of safety.
Cancellation < 14 days before departure (small companies)	APPR	Re-routing or refund + compensation	$125-500 depending on late	Reduced scale.
Cancellation at the airport	APPR	Accommodation + meals + compensation according to scale	$400-1,000	Same rules as above, depending on delay.
Cancellation due to force majeure	APPR	Refund or redirection	—	No monetary compensation.

3- Overbooking (Denied boarding)

Situation	Legal framework / Basis	Rights and benefits	Amount / Ceiling (CAD)	Conditions / Notes
Voluntary Denied Boarding	APPR	Negotiated compensation (vouchers, credits, refund)	Variable	Free negotiation between passenger and company.
Involuntary denied boarding (large or small airlines)	APPR	Monetary compensation + re-routing as appropriate	0-6 hours: $900; 6-9 a.m.: $1,800; >9 a.m.: $2,400	Fixed amount according to the number of hours of delay

4- Luggage

Situation	Legal framework / Basis	Rights and benefits	Amount / Ceiling (CAD)	Conditions / Notes
Delayed baggage	Montreal Convention	Reimbursement of emergency expenses	Up to $2,300 Approximately according to exchange rates	PIR declaration mandatory at the airport.
Lost baggage	Montreal Convention	Compensation	Up to $2,300	Loss confirmed after investigation delay.
Damaged baggage	Montreal Convention	Repair or Indemnification	Up to $2,300	Declaration on time.
Delayed/Cancelled Flight + Missing Baggage	APPR + Montreal Convention	Flight Compensation + Baggage Compensation	Up to $1,000 (flight) + $2,300 (bag)	Combined procedure possible.

5- Special cases and calculations

Situation	Legal framework / Basis	Rights and benefits	Amount / Ceiling (CAD)	Conditions / Notes
Ticket paid by employer	APPR	Same rights as passengers	Identical amounts	Compensation due to the passenger even if ticket paid by third parties.
Compensation calculation (large companies)	APPR	Based on length of delay on arrival	3-6 hours: $400; 6-9 a.m.: $700; > 9 a.m.: $1,000	Flight distance impacts logistics, not the RPPA monetary scale.
Compensation calculation (small companies)	APPR	Based on length of delay on arrival	3-6 p.m.: $125; 6-9 a.m.: $250; > 9 a.m.: $500	Reduced amounts.

6- Procedures and appeals

Situation	Legal framework / Basis	Action to be taken	Delay	Notes
Claim to the company	APPR / Montreal Convention	Contact customer service, provide tickets, proofs, PIR if luggage	30 days for response	Keep all documents and exchanges.
Use of the CTA	OTC	Formal complaint	After refusal or no response	Binding decision possible.
Additional remedies	—	Specialized company, travel insurance, legal recourse	Variable	Option to consider if standard recourse fails.

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Useful information

An air passenger bill of rights has been in force in Europe since 2005 and in the United States since 2009. In Canada, such a comprehensive agreement does not yet exist. This means that airlines have more flexibility in enforcing their own policies, although they are still required to comply with the Air Passenger Protection Regulations, which have been in force since 2008.